The brain controls motor functions, sensory perception, and the operation of internal organs. It is connected to the body via nerve pathways within the spinal cord. When this connection is disrupted, it can lead to significant impairments or a complete loss of motor, sensory, or autonomic functions. This severe neurological impairment is known as a spinal cord injury.
The spinal cord (Medulla spinalis) is an essential part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is protected within the spinal column. It contains nerve fibers that transmit signals between the brain and body, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which supports neuronal metabolism and serves as a protective mechanism for the brain.
Spinal cord injuries can be caused by various factors. In most cases, they result from severe mechanical trauma, such as traffic accidents, falls, or sports injuries. In these instances, displaced or fractured vertebrae can compress or sever the delicate spinal cord. Hematomas or tissue swelling in the spinal area can also damage nerve pathways, leading to permanent impairments.
Beyond trauma, spinal cord injuries can also result from medical conditions. Tumors in or around the spinal cord can displace and damage nervous tissue. Infections such as meningitis or myelitis can inflame the spinal cord and cause neurological deficits. Other possible causes include vascular diseases like spinal strokes or degenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, which can have a long-term impact on the nervous system.
A spinal cord injury can be classified as either complete or incomplete. In a complete spinal cord injury, all motor and sensory functions below the injury site are permanently lost. The affected areas of the body are entirely paralyzed and unresponsive to stimuli.
In contrast, an incomplete spinal cord injury allows for some remaining motor or sensory functions. This means that patients may still have limited movement or sensory perception below the level of injury. The extent of remaining function varies from case to case and depends on the severity of the spinal cord damage.
The consequences of a spinal cord injury extend far beyond the obvious motor impairments. In addition to losing the ability to walk or stand, affected individuals often experience symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life.
Paralysis of the lower extremities not only results in mobility restrictions but can also severely affect bladder and bowel control. Many patients require lifelong catheterization or other medical aids. Additionally, spinal cord injuries can lead to impairments in sexual function.
Autonomic dysfunctions frequently occur, affecting circulation and temperature regulation. This can result in circulatory problems, excessive sweating, or an inability to regulate body temperature. Over time, complications such as pressure ulcers (decubitus), scoliosis (spinal deformities), and contractures (joint stiffness) can develop. In cases of high spinal cord injuries at the cervical level, respiratory function may be severely affected, often necessitating artificial ventilation.
While spinal cord injuries are currently not curable, modern research has developed promising therapeutic approaches. Innovative treatments such as spinal cord stimulation, neuroprosthetics, and deep brain stimulation may help improve motor function in the future. The primary goal of current therapies is to enhance quality of life and maximize the remaining physical functions.
The innovative VR therapy system CUREO utilizes virtual reality to combine motor and sensory rehabilitation with gamified elements. Immersion in virtual environments enhances patient motivation and facilitates repetitive exercises.
CUREO targets specific therapy goals, including improving arm and hand coordination, enhancing body awareness, and reducing pain through targeted VR interventions.
In addition to its established applications in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, CUREO is increasingly being studied in scientific research. Recent findings suggest that VR-based therapies positively influence neuroplasticity and support nerve regeneration.
A key focus of CUREO’s innovation lies in its advanced features, such as mirror therapy, which helps compensate for motor deficits, and sonification, which transforms movements into sound to enhance body awareness. Additionally, CUREO enables gaze control and automated grasping, allowing even patients with severe paralysis to actively participate in therapy.
Overall, CUREO provides an effective and engaging therapy option for individuals with spinal cord injuries, extending beyond traditional physiotherapy and introducing new possibilities for neurorehabilitative treatment.
Disclaimer:
The information presented in this article is based on current scientific research and practical experience with the CUREO® system in medically prescribed rehabilitation measures. Individual therapy outcomes and effectiveness cannot be guaranteed. This article does not replace professional medical or therapeutic consultation.
_FB_gespiegelt_ak_72dpi_kl.jpg)
.png)
